Father Pedro Arrupe - 893 Words

His Mission Father Pedro Arrupe was truly a man of God, born to lead the Jesuit’s to greatness. Born in Bilbao, Spain, he initially felt called to set the world ablaze through medicine. He undertook medical training for a number of years, but decided his true calling lay with the Jesuits, joining in 1927. He was unable to pursue his studies in Spain as the Republican government had expelled the Order. This did not deter him, as he was unwavering in his pursuit of priesthood; he undertook his studies in the Netherlands and Belgium. Soon, Pedro was ordained and well on his way to finding his place in the Order. The Society sent him to The United States to study Medical Ethics, after which he set out to spread the faith to Japan. In 1958,†¦show more content†¦The Jesuits were accused of substituting politics for the gospel, and Arrupe was charged with leading the Society astray. Arrupe’s time as Superior General was marked with turmoil, as critics believed that the he made too radical changes and politicized the order. Despite frequent disparagement, Arrupe pressed onwards with his reforms. Because of this, many people see Father Arrupe as the ‘second founder’ of the Society of Jesus. Like Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits, he confronted the difficulties and challenges the Jesuits faced in his day with brilliance, holiness, and courage. Despite witnessing horrible atrocities, Arrupe believed God is everywhere in the world. He often said, All are called to know and serve God, and put that belief into practice through his missionary work. This ethos was the sign of a man truly born to serve others, a man who, through his compassion and love for others, set the world ablaze. A Man for Others Father Arrupe brought light into the hearts of God’s people the world over through his inspirational leadership. Perhaps the best way of highlighting the profound effect he had on those who followed him is by hearing their stories. Father Arrupe was genuinly concerned for the wellbeing of the ordinary people. Dennis Murphy accompanied Father Arrupe to the Philippines. Here, he â€Å"wanted to know what ordinary urban poor people thought of these matters. HeShow MoreRelatedJesuit Education Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthe mission of Jesuit education as the service of the faith and the promotion of justice.† This proclamation challenged Jesuits and all who worked at their institutions to work on behalf of the poor and youth. A few years later, former Father General Pedro Arrupe recognized the transnational dimensions of the refugee issue and founded Jesuit Refugee Services (JRS) to coordinate the Society’s efforts on a global scale. Today JRS work to serve and educate refugees on 5 continents in over 50 countriesRead MoreThe Philosophical Theological Themes Discussed During The First Half Of The Course1218 Words   |  5 Pageslittle possession and are humble in nature. The type of nature one should have is clearly stated in the Bible, â€Å"[But] take care not to perform righteous deeds in order that people may see them; otherwise, you will have no recompense from your heavenly Father. (Matthew 6:1)† It may also be noted that in the Ancient Tradition, the Christian Tradition attracted many of the poor, that is, those with simple lifestyles (Jacobsen 7613). Further, so does the Pentecostal Tradition (Jacobsen 4332). We can thusRead MoreThe Faith And Justice Within The Catholic Tradition2005 Words   |  9 Pagesproportionality with the end goal of reaching the Proper End, God. This ordering of necessity for help creates the natural call for Catholic support of the preferential option for the poor, a term first used by the superi or general of the Jesuits, Father Pedro Arrupe. This option is the opposition to the institutions that support the domination of the wealthy in society, with a focus on continually delivering the most proportional form of justice. According to Aquinas, justice is merely â€Å"what is rightlyRead MoreThe Theology of Indigenization Essay examples1823 Words   |  8 Pageswas indigenization who gave the freedom for the Greek translators of the Hebrew Old Testament (Septuagint) to take a word like ï â€˜Ã¯  ¥Ã¯  ¯Ã¯ â€" ï€  Ã¯â‚¬  from the idolatrous world of polytheism and use it to describe the only Creator of heaven and earth, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. It was indigenization, which enabled first century Christian Jewish Gentiles, populated Antioch to cross a massive culture barrier and begin preaching to the Greeks. And it is the same process of indigenization, which allowedRead MoreThis is Our Story3059 Words   |  12 Pagesare forced to go abroad so t hat they can support their children. I’ve talked to many urban poor women who have more children than they can feed. I’ve seen many malnourished children who drop out of school because they don’t have money. I’ve seen fathers cry because they cannot provide for their families. This is while senators and corrupt politicians splurge on expensive condominiums and thousand-dollar meals using the taxes that should’ve been for the poor. Poverty, hunger, and corruption is widespread

Living And Dying Essay - 987 Words

Living And Dying nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tuesdays With Morrie was an excellent book in many ways. It opened my eyes up to how I would like to die and what I would like to pass on to my loved ones. I don’t always tell my parents and brother that I love them, although very rarely do I tell my closest friends. After reading this book it has helped me be more open with my feelings. After all I will never know when I will die; it could be today or it could be in 70 years. I need to start living life like there may not be a tomorrow. If I do this, even half the time, then it will make me a better person. There are several topics of life that I need to start doing to make sure that when I die I feel complete.†¦show more content†¦In life I try my best every day and think of each day as it were my last. If I keep on taking this attitude then when I die I will feel satisfied with my life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When I die I would like to be remembered and not just forgotten. I would like to be remembered for baseball and also for being a nice person. I want people to say that I was one of the nicest guys they’ve ever met. I think that is a huge compliment. It is hard for me to accept that not very many people will remember me. Sure maybe for ten years or so, but after that they will forget. That is why I need to surround myself in as much family as I can, just like Morrie did. He knew that his family and friends wouldn’t forget him so he surrounded himself with them. It would comfort me to know when I die that some people still think about me. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When I die I definitely do not want to be in a lot of pain. I think that physician-assisted suicide is not wrong. Why let someone suffer? If I’m suffering I would want them to pull the plug on me. What upsets me is when I hear of stories about people who have been attached to life support for months. If it is someone’s time to die then I think you should let them die. There is a lot of debate on the use of medical marijuana. I feel that if someone is going to die and they are suffering, then they should be able to use marijuana to ease there pain. I don’t understand why its not legalized. I think itShow MoreRelatedLiving And Dying By Loss And Loneliness1183 Words   |  5 Pages Living and Dying by Loss and Loneliness Although filled with many metaphors and double meanings, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is meant to show readers the most powerful motivators of our actions, in scientists and monsters alike, are loss and loneliness. Loss is a constant theme in Frankenstein, from the death of Victor’s mother to the expiration of Victor himself. Loneliness is constant as well, though it is less outspoken. Victor’s scientific breakthroughs are a direct result of the losses in hisRead MoreLife Without Parole : Living And Dying1211 Words   |  5 PagesLife without Parole; Living and dying in Prison Today. Hassine, Victor. Edited by Johnson, Robert and Tabriz, Sonia. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York, New York. 2011. 169 pages. Reviewed by Cassidy Fortman. 1. Victor Hassine was a life without parole inmate that was convicted of a capital offence in 1981. Shortly after Hassine graduated from Law School in New York, he was placed into a new home for the rest of his life, Graterford Prison. He was from Egypt and immigrated to New Jersey becomingRead More`` Not Fade Away : On Living, Dying, And The Digital Afterlife884 Words   |  4 PagesPeople shouldn t be remembered primary by the things they have left behind on the web. That is the statement that Maria Bustillos was trying to make in her article â€Å"Not fade away: on living, dying, and the digital afterlife† on The Verge. She attempted to make this statement with the main ideas of the internet remembering people differently than how people would choose to remember people. The placement of her article is also an important reason as to why it isn t successful. The Verge is a newsRead MoreEssay about Living or Dying with the American Dream1274 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone wan ts to be successful. We all dream of having a decent job, a house, a car or two, good social connections and the respect of our peers. We dream of opportunity and freedom. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, many characters are pursuing their own version of this dream, but they go about it in many different ways. Some see work and perseverance as necessities. Others think personal charm and popularity are essential in obtaining their dreams. We see the American Dream through theRead MoreThe Land Of Open Graves : Living And Dying On The Migrant Trail1813 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican? A piece of paper? If not that, than how far back do you have to be able to trace your lineage to claim the right to live in this country? Author Jason De Leon aims to answer questions like this in his book, The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail . De Leon, an anthropologist and expert in the field, took it upon himself to study the paths of immigrants coming into America through the Sonoran desert region in southern Arizona over the course of the last decade. DeRead MoreUntil I Was Dying, I Was Not Living. This May Sound Paradoxical1299 Words   |  6 PagesUntil I was dying, I was not living. This may sound paradoxical but this is a major theme in the story of my life. Thus far, the plot of my life is much like one of those seen in a 5th grade english class. There is an exposition, rising action, climax, and the very beginning of a falling action. Although I am sure my life will be filled with many of these peak shaped plot maps of ups and downs, currently the mountain I am on has been a steep climb with lots of testing moments along the way. GrowingRead MoreHelping Patient with Death Anxiety in Living With Dying, A Handbook For End-Of-Life Healthcare Practitioners by Zilberfein and Hurwitz1466 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapter 15 of Living With Dying, A Handbook For End-Of-Life Healthcare Practitioners, Zilberfein and Hurwitz (2004) examine the dread that often accompanies the thought of dying and present ways to assist terminal patients who are experiencing â€Å"death anxiety†. Specifically, the authors examine the assessment of patients’ fear of dying and attempt to address these fears thoroughly and creatively, while accompanying their patients on a passage with no well-defined destination. Death anxiety is aRead MoreWays of Dying by Zakes Mda Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesunnecessary death of children. He wanted to show the reader that mothers and fathers gave birth to children who were only destined to die. â€Å"Death lives with us everyday. Indeed our ways of dying are our ways of livening. Or should I say our ways of living are our ways of dying.† (Kayla Van der Merwe) Ways of dying covers only a few days, but these few days mark a considerable change in the life of the central character, Toloki, He meets up and moves in with his childhood friend from his hometownRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1629 Words   |  7 Pagesoption that every human should be able to make for themselves. For those with terminal illnesses or major health problems, assisted suicide creates options to reduce the amount of suffering the patient must enduring. Dying with dignity could be beneficial for not only the person who is dying, but also the person’s family and loved ones. This option, however, is often viewed as unethical and immoral throughout society. Physician-assisted suicide offers an option for those with health issues but posesRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Research Paper1520 Words   |  7 Pages and California are the only states to allow full and legal access to physician-assisted suicide. Alongside those states are Montana a nd New Mexico, which legally offer â€Å"aid in dying,† meaning the state allows for physicians to assist in alleviating the longevity of the dying process. For terminally ill patients living in states where physician-assisted suicide is legally recognized, the process is relatively concrete. A patient must simply meet a list of requirements, including: the patient must

Illegal Immigrants And Citizenship And Legal Status

Jamiel Shaw, Jr. was shot and killed March 2, 2008. His life, at the age of seventeen, was not taken by any ordinary individual, but by an unauthorized immigrant abiding in the United States. This was not his first offense either; he was on his third gun charge the day he murdered Shaw. Instead of being deported right away after his first offense, he was sent right back out onto the streets. Jamiel Shaw, Sr. claims that his â€Å"family’s peace and freedom were stolen by an illegal alien from Mexico† and also believes that Congress is â€Å"not securing the border† (â€Å"Illegal Immigrants and Crime†). Under the Dream Act, this criminal would have been rewarded with legalization. In what way does this illegal migrant deserve citizenship and legal status? Micah Issitt and Andrew Walter define immigration as the â€Å"movement of persons from one nation or region to another with the purpose of seeking permanent residence.† Unfortunately, illegal immi gration has become more prominent in the U.S. arousing debates on what to do with the illegal migrants. The 9/11 attacks on the twin towers were caused by terrorists, who penetrated our weak borders to gain access to their planned attack. Under the Obama era, two and a half million more immigrants have crossed the border illegally than during Bush’s reign in office, which shows how our border is becoming more and more vulnerable. If the borders are not secured soon, more and more migrants will come illegally and take jobs from legal Americans, alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Face Of Education And The Changes It Has Undertaken Throughout History1425 Words   |  6 Pagesjust because of their status as an â€Å"illegal immigrant,† a distinction made by the choices of their parents and the situations of their past. Illegal immigration is not by choice to intrude upon another nation, but to secure the individual’s rights to better their own life. Through distance and set conditions, immigrants cannot always obtain the documentation necessary to cross borders in a timely manner, causing many to cross the border into a new life without being â€Å"legal.† Upon arriving, the nextRead MoreThe Immigration Of Illegal Immigrants1643 Words   |  7 Pagesoverflow of illegal immigrants coming into America, but differ in their strategies of devising a solution to this issue. In short, Democrats believe in giving immigrants the opportunity to enhance our nation by contributing to their communities and workforces, offering them an education, and strengthening social values by keeping families together instead of deporting them. Their main goal is to form a road to citizenship in which illegal immigrants can make their lives here permanent as legal AmericanRead MoreCitizenship by Birthright Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesCitizenship by Birthright According to the Council on Foreign Relations, birthright citizenship â€Å"grants citizenship to everyone born in the United States regardless of their parents status† (Rawlins, 2011). While this seems to be in-line with the fourteenth amendment which states â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside† (Congress, 1866), the true intention of this partRead MoreUnited State government has tremendous problem that they continuously agitate. One of the problems1300 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems they are facing is immigration system. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrants move to our country every year and the number of illegal immigrants in the United State has been increasing enormously over the years. Some people may escape from political or religious oppression and others may come to pursue the American dream. However, this is unfair to those who come to United State legally. Unlike illegal immigrants, Although They enduring the delay, hardship, bureaucracy, and sacrificed, theyRead MoreThe Happiest And Happiest : The Truth About The American Class System1490 Words   |  6 Pageslives of Mr. Zannikos, a self-made business owner, and Mr. Peralta, a struggling illegal immigrant, to further illustrate the arguments of Smith and Marche. The main factors that contributed to the changing of Mr. Zanniko’s and Mr. Peralta’s stories includes their citizenship status, their support system in the Unites States, strategic planning towards their goals, the closeness of ties to home. A valid citizenship is of critical importance in our society for it determines a person’s likelihoodRead MoreLiving With And Around Immigrant Community1684 Words   |  7 PagesLiving with and around immigrant community gives me personal experience of how legal and illegal immigrant families lives in United States. I have heard and experienced so many incidents of immigrant families that makes me question equality of immigration system of United States. Six year ago friend of mine came to United States at the age of 12. After finishing school and college he wasn’t able to find the job he was looking for and within certain period of time if he doesn’t settle in United StatesRead MoreLegalization For Hard Working Immigrants890 Words   |  4 Pagesfor hard-working immigrants. Despite of the negative meaning associated with it, an immigration reform would be beneficial to the U.S. in social aspects, such as having undivided families, and by stimulating economic g rowth. A common misconception is that legalizing illegal immigrants would just result in â€Å"criminals† running around the streets causing disturbances. Who is ignored is the benefit of a very specific population of Americans, the sons and daughters of illegal immigrants. American childrenRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is Defined As The Phenomenon Of Entering And A Territory Without Any Government s Approval1442 Words   |  6 PagesFadil Bourkouli Professor Worley Throme English 101-3007 02/15/2016 Final Draft Research Paper Illegal immigration is defined as the phenomenon of entering and living in a territory without any government’s approval; In fact, it has lately raised a considerable debate on the pretext of the fact that it is an image of threat and weakness for the country. Many researches proved that the percentage of undocumented people is shooting up each year particularly in the United States as it is consideredRead MoreImmigration Reform : Illegal Immigration1697 Words   |  7 Pageswere several concerns over immigration as a whole and exploding proportions of illegal immigrants crossing the border in the Arizona area. Arizona attempted to resolve the influx of people across the border by imposing heavy fines on employers hiring illegal immigrants. At that time in Arizona there was a democratic governor Janet Napolitano that continually vetoed the Arizona’s legislature attempt to reduce illegal immigration. In 2009 the state replaced the Democratic governor with a Republica nRead MoreThe Immigrant Problem in the US1780 Words   |  7 PagesStates. We still have many immigrants entering the United States to start a new and better life but this can create problems for the legal citizens when they do so illegally. There has been much debate on how to address this problem and how to figure out a solution to it. I believe that we have to have a clear path to citizenship for immigrants who come here illegally. The Senate passed a comprehensive bill last year that included a path to citizenship for those immigrants but the House of Representatives

Indian Health Care free essay sample

The term â€Å"Vulnerable Population† is defined as, populations or groups whose needs are not fully addressed by traditional service providers. These populations of people feel they cannot comfortably or safely access and use the standard resources offered in disaster preparedness, relief and recovery. According to statistics of vulnerable populations, American Indians are part of the vulnerable populations of the United States. This vulnerable population has had to face irreversible damages all their lives. Based on treaties, laws, presidential executive orders and numerous court decisions, the United States established federally governmental relationships with the American Indian and Alaskan Tribes through the Cherokee Nation V. Georgia case of 1831, It specifically addressed the relationship between tribes, states and the federal government and their consequences after their actions on these eventful times in history during the developmental stages of the United States of America. It was out of this particular case and others as such that the guardian/ward relationship was created to form the Snyder Act of 1921 and the Indian Health Care Improvement Act of 1976 (Indian health services, June ). It provided legislative authority for congress to move funds into specified health care of and for the Indian People. Because there is still the existence in the untrue biased belief that American Indians and Alaska Natives are not citizens of their states of residence, they are therefore not eligible for state programs and benefits. The fact of the matter is, American Indians and Alaska Natives are citizens of the United States of America and are eligible to participate in all public, private and state health programs available to the general population. Like any other American they are due and deserve better health care. However the continue to be overlooked and ignored. Like never before, it is of great importance for tribal leaders to continue to actively participate in policy making, decision making and advocating in policy, legislative, and budgetary planning for Indian Health Care. Although, The â€Å"Government health care for American Indians, was rooted in the Constitution, it has been a long and bumpy road faced with many obstacles and red tape to receive medical attention. In fact, it wasn’t until 1975 that the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act integrated American Indians into Medicare and Medicaid and put tribes in charge of their own care. †(Beam, 2009). Indians f all tribes and income levels, continue to face higher disparities when compared to the general population as a whole in areas of life expectancy, education, health crisis such as diabetes, suicide levels, tuberculosis and alcoholism. Because of the lack of family and traditional cultural environments, Urban Indians are at a greater risk for serious mental health and substance abuse problems, suicidal rates and increased gang activities. Teen pregnancy and cases of abuse and neglect are high in comparison to other races. Studies show the urban Indian population documents poor health status and reveal the lack of adequate health care services for the majority of families (Indian health services, Jan). Although the Indian Health Care services have progressed, substantial health disparities continue to exist and excel when compared to the general population. HIS implemented Health and Human Services priorities to be directed towards the accountability and provision of higher quality health services for the urban Indian population. To name a few changes the improvements in the collection process of clinical data were implemented. Enhancements of the Indian Urban program patient record systems were progressed through the electronic technology systems. Although it has not been an easy path to take because of its respect for cultural beliefs, it’s blending of traditional practices with the modern medical models and emphasis on public health and community outreach activities have proven to be beneficial. What has been overlooked is the available places to seek medical attention are limited and must be a clinic or hospital specifically on tribal land. To many, access to these areas is extremely hard, too far and limited with resources making it difficult to access medical attention all together. For whatever reason, we have failed our promise to them because we choose to look the other way and ignore their issues. There are a lot of factors that come to play as to why they are and continue to be labeled as a vulnerable population to no avail. In more details, Indians have higher alcohol induced mortality rates by 43. 0% than 7. 0% compared to all races put together. Homicide by assault is at 11. 7% when compared to 6. 1% compared to all races put together. Infant Deaths is 8. 0% in Indians when compared to 6. 9% compared as a whole to the general public in all races put together. Pneumonia/Influenza for Indians is 27. 1% while the general population with all races put together was 20. 3%. Suicide levels in comparison were also high. Indians was 19. 8% and all races put together are at 10. 9% (Indian health services, Jan). Why are the challenges higher than that of the general population when put as a whole? There are several factors one being the limitations of health care within the Indian Health Care programs such as the misappropriate actions in funds, inadequate health care in tribal contracts as their own Indians are to be seen by their own Indians regardless of qualifications or not as per failed poor policy making decisions. There is also the limitations of spaces available representing Indians, with only 33 hospitals across the nation, 59 health centers across the nation and 50 health stations and 34 urban Indian Health projects that provide services as a supplemental services and referrals. Clearly they misrepresent the Indian population when according to the 2000 census indicated more than 4 million Americans were of American Indian and Alaska Native heritage (Indian health services, Jan). According the IHS, Indian Health Care Services, they currently suffer from inadequate funding and serious mismanagement’s problems, lack of oversight that has negatively impacted the access to the expected quality Indian Health Care Services that we, The United States of America legally stated in treaties and laws to serve them. The Indian Health Care Services was formed in 1955 and has been operating within the United State Health and Human Services (Indian health services, June). We are responsible in providing medical and public health care services to all members of the federally recognized tribes and Alaskan tribes regardless of their tribes and incomes. But are we doing that at the fullest potential? What ways can we better serve the American Indians? According to statistics of vulnerable populations, American Indians are part of the vulnerable populations of the United States. This vulnerable population has had to face irreversible damages all their lives. Because of it they lack resources and face huge health disparities in comparison to other cultures of the United States. Such diverse vulnerable groups are most often comprised of the person’s race, level of education, income level, and religion preferences. In relation to health care, barriers such as in the lack of family support, financial support and level of education has prevented them to receiving medical services, even at the very basic. Huge financial impacts have been witnessed through the American Indians representing a vulnerable population that includes; age groups, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic and education level. By better equipping the areas without any limitations such as clauses that must me of Indian descendant or in a tribal area, clinics and providers can provide better care, we can do a greater good by teaching our patients on how to obtain their medications, health care, and counseling by various clinics and programs. We, within the medical profession, are in front line in detecting the vulnerability of our patients. That includes all patients. Our patients allow us to know their most intimate aspect of their lives, because of the trust gain. As we build upon this trust, we must continue to stress the importance of their care addressing their special issues and unique circumstances.

Merits and Demerits of E-Commerce free essay sample

Commerce is one of the most important facets of the Internet to have emerged in the recent times. Ecommerce or electronic commerce involves carrying out business over the Internet with the assistance of computers, which are linked to each other forming a network. To be specific ecommerce would be buying and selling of goods and services and transfer of funds through digital communications †¢ Ecommerce allows people to carry out businesses without the barriers of time or distance. One can log on to the Internet at any point of time, be it day or night and purchase or sell anything one desires at a single click of the mouse. †¢ The direct cost-of-sale for an order taken from a web site is lower than through traditional means (retail, paper based), as there is no human interaction during the on-line electronic purchase order process. Also, electronic selling virtually eliminates processing errors, as well as being faster and more convenient for the visitor. We will write a custom essay sample on Merits and Demerits of E-Commerce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Ecommerce is ideal for niche products. Customers for such products are usually few. But in the vast market place i. . the Internet, even niche products could generate viable volumes. †¢ Another important benefit of Ecommerce is that it is the cheapest means of doing business. †¢ The day-to-day pressures of the marketplace have played their part in reducing the opportunities for companies to invest in improving their competitive position. A mature market, increased competitions have all reduced the amount of money available to invest. If the selling price cannot be increased and the manufactured cost cannot be decreased then the difference can be in the way the business is carried out. Ecommerce has provided the solution by decimating the costs, which are incurred Operational benefits of e commerce include reducing both the time and personnel required to complete business processes, and reducing strain on other resources. It’s because of all these advantages that one can harness the power of ecommerce and convert a business to ebusiness by using powerful turnkey ecommerce solutions made available by ebusiness solution providers. Demerits: Electronic commerce is also characterized by some technological and inherent limitations which has restricted the number of people using this revolutionary system. One important disadvantage of e-commerce is that the Internet has still not touched the lives of a great number of people, either due to the lack of knowledge or trust. A large number of people do not use the Internet for any kind of financial transaction. Some people simply refuse to trust the authenticity of completely impersonal business transactions, as in the case of e-commerce. Many people have reservations regarding the requirement to disclose personal and private information for security concerns. Many times, the legitimacy and authenticity of different e-commerce sites have also been questioned. Another limitation of e-commerce is that it is not suitable for perishable commodities like food items. People prefer to shop in the conventional way than to use e-commerce for purchasing food products. So e-commerce is not suitable for such business sectors. The time period required for delivering physical products can also be quite significant in case of e-commerce. A lot of phone calls and e-mails may be required till you get your desired products. However, returning the product and getting a refund can be even more troublesome and time consuming than purchasing, in case if you are not satisfied with a particular product. Thus, on evaluating the various pros and cons of electronic commerce, we can say that the advantages of e-commerce have the potential to outweigh the disadvantages. A proper strategy to address the technical issues and to build up customers trust in the system, can change the present scenario and help e-commerce adapt to the changing needs of the world.

Nature and Effectiveness of Steve Jobs Leadership

Steve Jobs was the CEO of Apple Inc. until his death on October 5th 2011 (Apple, 2011). While at Apple Inc, Steve was successful in leading the organization into the right path. Through the technical innovations that were unleashed by the organization coupled with its proper marketing strategies, Apple grew to be one of the leading corporations in the field of Information Communications and Technology (ICT).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and Effectiveness of Steve Jobs Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve all this, Steve Jobs had a rather unique style of leadership. His leadership style comprised of a mix of qualities and strategies that aimed at improving the operations and status of the organization in order to achieve the set goals and objectives of Apple Inc. Steve was born in 1955. In the year 1976, he partnered up with Steve Wozniak to form the Apple Computer Company. A year later , the company released its second generation computer; Apple II (Wether and Chandler, 2006). Apple II was successful. It made Apple to be considered as one of the leading computer companies in the world. As a result, the company went public in 1980. In 1984, the company released the Macintosh. This computer was the most user friendly PC at that time. It was easier to navigate through its operating system, it was smaller, had an attractive interface and most importantly, the computer ran efficiently (without making noise). This was a game changer in the field of computer manufacturing. It influenced the production of other computers up to the present day. Due to the growth of the company, Steve Jobs needed an experienced CEO to lead the organization. As a result, he hired John Scully who was the CEO of Pepsi Cola (Wether and Chandler, 2006). However, the differences between these two individuals led to the exit of Steve Jobs from Apple. He went ahead to form his computer company call ed NeXT. He also bought an animation company called Pixar that mainly focused on commercials. Through his inspiration, Steve managed to lead these two companies to success. However, in 1997, Apple and NeXT merged and Steve Jobs became the interim CEO of this new organization. A few months later, he announced that he was the CEO of the company. The influence that he had, he led these two companies to success up to his death in 2011.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steve Jobs was a visionary leader. He was able to lead the organizations that he headed or was a part of into desirable heights. Steve Jobs was the CEO of Apple Inc., NeXT and Pixar. When Pixar merged with Walt Disney, he became the board member of Walt Disney and influenced the production of several animated Box Office films. When Steve Wozniak showed Steve Jobs the first apple computer, Jobs managed to convince Wo zniak to sell the computer rather than giving its out for free which was the idea of Wozniak. This therefore led to the birth of Apple Computer Company in 1976 (Wether and Chandler, 2006). Through research and innovation, Jobs and Wozniak released the second generation of the computer; Apple II. This led to the growth of the company and in 1984 the Mackintosh was released. These advancements in releasing new generations of the computers that were better and more efficient were all influenced by Steve Jobs. Being a visionary leader, he aspired in coming up with better versions of computers and computers applications that aimed at making the life of man much easier on earth. When he fell out of apple in 1985, the company did not do well. Instead, it almost ran into debt. However, his return to Apple in 1997 had a great impact in the operation, running and sustainability of the company. In the year 2001, Apple released the iPod. In 2007, the iPhone was released and the iPad soon follow ed. It is through his visionary leadership that the company was able to innovate and market such products. A visionary leader articulates the desired status of an organization. However, it is the work of the employees of the organization to come up with means and strategies of achieving this desired state. Steve Jobs wanted Apple Inc to be the leading innovative company in the field of ICT. It is the motivation, desire, integrity and hard work of the employees at Apple Inc. that made this possible. With the application of the expectancy theory, Steve Jobs managed to motivate his employees by giving them a chance to bring in their ideas and innovations into the company. At times, he gave his employees the chance to make decisions which he would finally weigh to see the impacts that they may have on the organization. As such, employees felt as being part and parcel of the organization and respected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and Effectiveness of Ste ve Jobs Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This in turn boosted their morale and improved their performance. In an interview, Steve Jobs stated while hiring employees, he had to ensure that they had love for the company. He believed that once this is achieved, the rest would come in naturally. According to him, if the employees will not have love for the company, then they will be working to achieve their own individual goals and not the goals of the company. To guarantee that both parties benefit, Jobs ensured that the goals of his employees and the company are both achieved. Other articles state that Steve Jobs was an Autocratic leader. In an interview, Jobs stated that there are over 100 individuals who report to him directly. As a result, he had to ensure that every activity within the organization conducted as per the expected standards. In most of the occasions, the expected standards were his way. Jobs therefore manipu lated the activities and operations of Apple Inc. He expected perfections and as a result, he only maintained members of staff that were not good but great in what they do. However, he embraced team work and affiliation among his employees. He also believed in diversifications of activities in his organization. He also participated in the invention, production and presentation of new products to the world. Finally, unlike other CEOs, Jobs focused on changing the world to be a better place. He was not motivated by monetary gains but by innovation. Establishment of Tim Cook On taking over from Steve Jobs, Tim Cook needs to establish a strong leadership. This will ensure that the organization continues to operate in an effective and efficient manner as it was operating during the reign of Steve Jobs. First, Tim needs to deviate from the autocratic leadership style that was being used by Steve Jobs. Instead, he needs to adopt and implement democracy in the organization. With this new st yle of leadership, employees will have the chance to participate in the process of decision making. This method will increase the participation of employees in key activities and processes of the organization regardless of their level of operation or qualification. This style will also act as an avenue to utilize the innovations and ideas of all the employees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization will therefore stand a better chance of coming up with technical innovations that will change the lives of many individuals in the world. This will be in line with the current goals and objectives of the organization. In addition, democracy makes the employees to be motivated. This will in turn increase their loyalty and productivity to the firm. Tim Cook also needs to adopt the pacesetting style of leadership. In this form of leadership, the leader of an organization is sets the specific standards of performance that his employees are expected to meet. In order to maintain the traditions of that were set by Steve Jobs, Tim Cook needs to ensure that activities and operations are conducted in a better and faster way, effectively and efficiently. To ensure that this is achieved, Cook has to ensure that he maintains a competent staff. His employees should also work as a team. This will make the organization to achieve its goals and objectives much easily. Tim Cook also needs to have a mix of interpersonal skills. He should have desirable listening and communications skills. He should also be charismatic, understanding, smart, wise, respectful, transparent and open. This will ensure that he behaves in a desirable way (Wether and Chandler, 2006). These skills will also assist him to have good relationship with his employees and stakeholders. He will also be able to make wise decisions in tight situations. This will in turn lead to the overall success of the company. Finally, Tim Cook needs to maintain a desirable organization structure, behaviour and culture within the organization. All the employees at Apple Inc. need to have respect for one another, work together as a team, and treat clients with integrity and respect. Most importantly, they should work to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization as well as their personal goals and objectives. Once these considerations are put in place, Tim Cook will be a successful leader of a succes sful organization. References Apple Inc, n.d, Remembering Steve. Available at:Â  https://www.apple.com/stevejobs/ Wether, W and Chandler, D. (2006) Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility:Â  Stakeholders in a Global Environment. Miami. Sage This essay on Nature and Effectiveness of Steve Jobs Leadership was written and submitted by user Mar1ana to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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